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Dr. Dinesh Gverified
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Hi @BusinessJing thank you for your questions! There's alot to unpack here and I will try to answer them one by one. With respect to the role of benzalkonium chloride/quat, I am not able to identify any robust studies that support these conclusions. Also, the claims of "self-disinfecting" coat that I could find from companies online also are not substantiated by any robust evidence as you rightly pointed out. 

With regards to re-infections, studies are being conducted locally and abroad to understand this risk. One consideration is that existing reports of re-infections from other countries are based on the use of early versions of COVID-19 tests that became available at the start of the outbreak. These are imperfect with high rates of false positives/negatives reported in various cross-validation studies. 

Therefore, it is possible that the patient(s) in question may have had a false negative test, whereby subsequent testing was a true positive and may have wrongly led to the conclusion of re-infection. In other words, with studies still ongoing, it is still too early to make any conclusions about this. Fortunately in Singapore, we have taken a conservative approach to guard against this by only considering patients as "recovered" after multiple consecutive negative tests.

Long-term repercussions such as pulmonary fibrosis are driven by the disease rather than the context (aside from variations in national mortality rates), and will likely be the same in Singapore as they are elsewhere. The claim about vitamin D does not appear to be based on any definitive evidence that I can find.